Hortus Legendo

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RESOURCES

Notes and vocabulary follow the text in Gutenberg

Laura Gibbs includes notes by Ms. Gibbs

For other Latin groups, as well as general info and resources, see LatinStudy

Creative translations are highly encouraged (but not required)!

SCHEDULE for Ritchie’s Fabulae Faciles : PERSEUS

February 25 -- Perseus is Sent on His Travels (#3)
March 4 -- Perseus Gets His Outfit (#4)
March 11 -- The Gorgon’s Head (#5)
March 18 -- The Sea-Serpent (#6)
March 25 -- A Human Sacrifice (#7)
April 1 -- NO ASSIGNMENT (Easter & Passover)
April 8 -- The Rescue (#8)
April 15 -- The Reward of Valor (#9)
April 22 -- Polydectes is Turned to Stone (#10)
April 29 -- The Oracle Fulfilled (#11)

February 25 Assignment
Perseus Is Sent On His Travels

TR 1 .. Persêus igitur multôs annôs ibi habitâbat, et cum mâtre suâ vîtam beâtam agêbat.

TR 2 .. At Polydectês Danaên magnópere amâbat, atque eam in mâtrimônium dûcere volêbat.

TR 3 .. Hoc tamen cônsilium Persêô minimê grâtum erat.

TR 4 .. Polydectês igitur Persêum dîmittere cônstituit.

TR 5 .. Tum iuvenem ad sê vocâvit et haec dîxit:  "Turpe est hanc ignâvam vîtam agere; iam dûdum tû adulêscêns es.

TR 6 .. Quô usque hîc manêbis?

TR 7 .. Tempus est arma capere et virtûtem praestâre.

TR 8 .. Hinc abî, et caput Medûsae mihi refer."

VOCABULARY

habitô (1) = to live, dwell

Polydectês, -is (m.) = Polydectes (pronounced: pah-li-DEK-teez), king of the island of Seriphos

Danaên: Greek accusative form of ‘Danaê,’ mother of Perseus

magnópere (adv.) = greatly, very much; [magnô + opere = with great effort]; that’s only an accent mark on the ‘o’

mâtrimônium, -î (neut) = marriage; literally, ‘motherhood’
in mâtrimônium dûcere = to marry (used only by men); literally, ‘to lead into motherhood,’ which gives you a pretty good idea of how married women were thought of in ancient Rome!

volêbat: imperfect active of ‘volô’ (irregular verb) = to wish, want

minimê (adv.) = very little; not at all; also used alone as a strong negative reply (‘No way!’)

grâtus, -a, -um = pleasing

dîmittô, dîmittere, dîmîsî, dîmissum = to send away

cônstituô, -stituere, -stituî = to decide, determine

iuvenis, -is (m.) = young man, youth

ignâvus, -a, -um = lazy; cowardly

iam dûdum (adv.) = a long time

quô usque = until when? how long? (quô = [to] where...?, whither...?)

hîc (adv) = here (in this place) - NOTE: Do not confuse with ‘hic’ (hic, haec, hoc)!

arma, armôrum (neut. pl.) = (defensive) arms

arma capere = to take up arms

praestô, -stâre, -stitî, -stitum = to show, prove

hinc (adv.) = from here, from this place

abî: imperative singular of ‘abeô, abîre’ : [ab + eô -- eô, îre = to go] = to go away, leave

Medûsa, -ae (f.) = one of the Gorgons; her ‘hair’ was made of snakes, and whoever looked at her turned into stone. Fun at parties!

refer: singular imperative of ‘referô, referre’ = to bring back (refer to Present Imperative section on p. 51 of Wheelock)

=============================

March 4 Assignment
Perseus Gets His Duds

TR 1 .. Persêus ubi haec audîvit, ex însulâ discessit, et postquam ad continentem vênit, Medûsam quaesîvit.

TR 2 .. Diû frûstrâ quaerêbat; namque nâtûram locî ignôrâbat.

TR 3.. Tandem Apollô et Minerva viam dêmonstrâvêrunt.

TR 4 .. Prîmum ad Graeâs, sorôrês Medûsae, pervênit.

TR 5 .. Ab hîs tâlâria et galeam magicam accêpit.

TR 6 .. Apollô autem et Minerva falcem et speculum dedêrunt.

TR 7 .. Tum postquam tâlâria pedibus induit, in âera ascendit.

TR 8 .. Diû per âera volâbat; tandem tamen ad eum locum vênit ubi Medûsa cum cêterîs Gorgônibus habitâbat.

TR 9 .. Gorgônês autem mônstra erant speciê horribilî; capita enim eârum anguibus omnînô contêcta erant.

TR 10 .. Manûs etiam ex âere factae erant.

VOCABULARY

însula, -ae (f) = island

discessit: discêdô, discêdere

postquam (adv) = after
NOTE: ‘post’ also means ‘after’ but it’s a preposition (‘after he did that,...’);  ‘postquam’ here is an adverb (‘After, he did that’).

continêns, continentis (f) = mainland

namque (conj.) ‘for indeed,’ or use your imagination :-); ‘nam + que’: a strong, or emphatic, ‘nam’, just as ‘itaque’ is an emphatic‘ita’ (which comes up later).

ignôrô (1) = to not know, be ignorant of, be unfamiliar with
NOTE: The verb ‘ignôrô’ takes the accusative. Any preposition is included within the definition.

quaesîvit: quaerô, quaerere, quaesîvî, quaesîtum = to look for, search for
NOTE: The verb ‘quaerô’ takes the accusative. The preposition is included within the definition, so there's no need to add one.

frûstrâ (adv) = in vain

quaerêbat: quaerô, quaerere, quaesîvî, quaesîtum = to look for, search for

tandem (adv) = at last, at length, finally

Apollô, Apollinis (m) = Apollo, god of the sun, music, and a bunch of other stuff

Minerva, -ae (f) = goddess of wisdom; associated with the Greek goddess Athena

prîmum (adv) = first
NOTE: prîmum...tum...tandem = first...then...finally

Graeae, Graeârum = sea hags or spirits. See note for ‘Gorgô’

perveniô, -venîre, -vênî, -rventum = to reach, arrive; [per + venio].

tâlâria, tâlârium (neut. pl.) = winged sandals

galea, -ae (f) = helmet

magicus, -a, -um = magic

accêpit: accipiô, accipere, accêpî, acceptum = to take, receive

falx, falcis (f) = sickle; curved sword

speculum, -î (neut) = mirror

pês, pedis (m) = foot

induô, induere, induî, indûtum = to put on (clothing)

âêr, âeris (m) = air, sky. Borrowed from Greek; ‘âera’ is the Greek accusative

ascendô, ascendere, ascendî, ascensum = to climb; rise, ascend

tandem (adv) = at last, at length, finally

cêterî, cêterae, cêtera = the rest, the other(s).
The note for this word in Gutenberg explains how it differs from ‘alius.’

Gorgô, Gorgônis (f) = Gorgon. The Gorgons are three sister demons; of the three, Medusa was the only mortal, which is why Polydectes has commanded Perseus to bring her head in particular. Either the Gorgons were sisters of the Graeae, or the Gorgons and Graeae are the same.

mônstrum, -î (neut) = marvel, wonder; monster

speciê horribilî = of terrible appearance (ablative of description)

speciês, speciêî (f) = appearance, form

horribilis, -is, -e = terrible, horrible

anguis, -is (m. or f.) = snake, serpent

omnînô (adv) = entirely, altogether, wholly

contêctus, -a, -um = covered, covered up

aer, aeris (neut) = bronze

=================================================

March 11 Assignment
‘Bring Me the Head of the Medusa’

TR 1 .. Rês difficillima erat caput Gorgônis abscîdere; eius enim cônspectû hominês in saxum vertêbantur.

TR 2 .. Propter hanc causam Minerva speculum Perseô dederat.

TR 3 .. Ille igitur tergum vertit, et in speculum înspiciêbat; hôc modô ad locum vênit ubi Medûsa dormiêbat.

TR 4 .. Tum falce suâ caput eius ûnô ictû abscîdit.

TR 5 .. Cêterae Gorgônês statim ê somnô excitâtae sunt, et ubi rem vîdêrunt, îrâ commôtae sunt.

TR 6 .. Arma rapuêrunt, et Persêum occîdere volêbant.

TR 7 .. Ille autem dum fûgit, galeam magicam induit; et ubi hoc fêcit, statim ê cônspectû eârum êvâsit.

VOCABULARY

difficillima: superlative of the adj. ‘difficilis, -e’ = ‘the most difficult’ or ‘very difficult’

Gorgô, Gorgônis (f) = Gorgon

abscîdô, -ere, abscîdî, abscîsum = to cut off

cônspectus, -ûs (m) = look, view, sight

saxum, -î (neut) = rock, stone

vertô, -ere, -vertî, versum = to turn, change

Minerva, -ae (f) = Roman goddess of wisdom. Her Greek counterpart is Athena.

speculum, -î (neut) = mirror

tergum, -î (neut) = back

înspiciô, -ere, -spêxî, -spectum = inspect, look into; look at, watch

hôc modô: ablative of manner [i.e., how was the action done?]

dormiô, -îre, -îvî, -îtum = to sleep

falx, falcis (f) = sickle; curved sword

ictus, -ûs (m) = stroke, blow

abscîdô, -ere, abscîdî, abscîsum = to cut off

cêterî, cêterae, cêtera = the rest, the other(s)

statim (adv) = immediately

somnus, -î (m) = sleep

excitô (1) = to wake up

commôveô, -êre -môvî, -môtum = to stir up, upset, arouse.
Here, the prefix ‘com-‘ intensifies the verb ‘moveô.’

arma, armôrum (neut. pl.) = arms, weapons

occîdô, -ere, occîdî, occîsum = cut down; kill

volêbant: volô, velle, voluî = to wish, want

galea, -ae (f) = helmet

magicus, -a, -um = magic

induô, induere, induî, indûtum = to put on (clothing)

statim (adv) = immediately

cônspectus, -ûs (m) = look, view, sight

êvâdô, -ere, êvâsî, êvâsum = to escape

==================================================

March 18 Assignment
The Sea-Serpent
NOTE: ‘fînîs’ in TR 1 and ‘cîvîs’ in TR 9 are in the accusative plural.
The -îs ending is an alternate accusative plural ending in 3rd declension nouns.
This is one of the ways in which Ritchie prepares us for ‘real’ Latin!

TR 1 .. Post haec Persêus in fînîs Aethiopum vênit.

TR 2 .. Ibi Cêpheus quîdam illô tempore rêgnâbat.

TR 3 .. Hic Neptûnum, maris deum, ôlim offenderat; Neptûnus autem mônstrum saevissimum mîserat.

TR 4 .. Hoc côtîdiê ê marî vêniêbat et hominês dêvorâbat.

TR 5 .. Ob hanc causam pavor animôs omnium occupâverat.

TR 6 .. Cêpheus igitur ôrâculum deî Hammônis cônsuluit, atque â deô iussus est fîliam mônstrô trâdere.

TR 7 .. Eius autem fîlia, nômine Andromeda, virgô fôrmôsissima erat.

TR 8 .. Cêpheus ubi haec audîvit, magnum dolôrem percêpit.

TR 9 .. Volêbat tamen cîvîs suôs ê tantô perîculô extrahere, atque ob eam causam imperâta Hammônis facere cônstituit.

VOCABULARY

Aethiopês, -um (masc. pl.) = Ethiopians

fînîs = fînês: fînês, fînium = borders, boundaries
Borders and boundaries mark the limits of owned or inhabited land. If you take it one step further, you have the definitions of ‘territory’ or ‘country.’

Cêpheus, -î (m) = Cepheus, king of Ethiopia and father of Andromeda; also a constellation in the northern hemisphere

quîdam = ‘a certain’; modifies ‘Cêpheus’ (see Wh., ch. 26)

rêgnô (1) = to reign, rule

Neptûnus, -î (m) = Roman god of the sea. Greek counterpart is Poseidon.

offendô, offendere, offendî, offênsum = to offend

mônstrum, -î (neut) = wonder; monster

saevissimus, -a, -um = very fierce/savage: superlative of the adj. ‘saevus, -a, -um’ = fierce, savage, cruel; modifies ‘mônstrum’

côtîdiê (also: côttîdiê) adv. = daily, every day

dêvorô (1) = to swallow, devour

ob (prep. + acc.) = on account of, for

pavor, pavôris (m) = terror, panic

occupô (1) = to occupy, seize : [ob + capio]

ôrâculum, -î (neut) = oracle, prophecy

Hammôn, Hammônis (m) = Hammon, an Egyptian god that the Romans identified with Jupiter, and the Greeks with Zeus. Variously spelled Amon, Amun, Amen.

cônsulô, cônsulere, cônsuluî, cônsultum = to consult

iussus est:  iubeô, iubêre, iussî, iussum

trâdô, trâdere, trâdidî, trâditum = hand over, give over, deliver : [trans + do]

nômine = ‘by name’; if you want, translate it using colloquial English

Andromeda, -ae (f) = Andromeda, daughter of Cepheus; also a constellation in the northern hemisphere

fôrmôsissimus, -a, -um = ‘very beautiful’; superlative of the adj. ‘fôrumôsus, -a, -um = beautiful

dolor, dolôris (m) = pain; grief

percipiô, percipere, percêpî, perceptum = to perceive, feel : [per + capio]

voêbat: volô, velle, voluî = to wish, want

cîvîs = cîvês
‘cîvîs suôs’ = ‘his [of the subject of the sentence] subjects’; ‘subjects’ is sort of an extension of the definition ‘citizens’ so it can more accurately apply to people ruled by a king.

tantus, -a, -um = so great, so much

extrahô, -trahere, -trâxî, -tractum = draw out, drag out; rescue : [ex + traho]

ob (prep. + acc.) = on account of, for

imperâtum, -î (neut) = order, command

cônstituô, -stituere, -stituî = decide, determine

===========================================

March 25 Assignment
A Human Sacrifice

TR 1 .. Tum rêx diem certam dîxit et omnia parâvit.

TR 2 .. Ubi ea diês vênit, Andromeda ad lîtus dêducta est, et in cônspectû omnium ad rûpem adligâta est.

TR 3 .. Omnês fâtum eius dêplôrâbant, nec lacrimâs tenêbant.

TR 4 .. At subitô, dum mônstrum exspectant, Persêus accurrit; et ubi lacrimâs vîdit, causam dolôris quaerit.

TR 5 .. Illî rem tôtam expônunt et puellam dêmônstrant.

TR 6 .. Dum haec geruntur, fremitus terribilis audîtur; simul mônstrum horribilî speciê procul cônspicitur.

TR 7 .. Eius cônspectus timôrem maximum omnibus îniêcit.

TR 8 .. Mônstrum magnâ celeritâte ad lîtus contendit, iamque ad locum appropinquâbat ubi puella stâbat.

VOCABULARY

lîtus, lîtoris (neut) = shore

dêdûcô, -dûcere, -dûxî, -ductum = lead down, lead away

cônspectus, -ûs (m) = sight, look, view

rûpês, rûpis (f) = rock, cliff

adligô (1) = tie to, bind to

fâtum, -î (neut) = fate

dêplôrô (1) = lament

lacrima, -ae (f) = tear (as in ‘teardrop’)

subitô (adv) = suddenly

accurrô, accurrere, accurrî, accursum = run to, hurry to : [ad + curro]

dolor, dolôris (m) = pain; grief

quaerô, quaerere, quaesîvî, quaesîtum = to look for, search for

expônô, -pônere, -posuî, -positum = to explain

fremitus, -ûs (m) = roar

simul (adv) = at the same time

mônstrum, -î (neut) = wonder; monster

speciês, speciêî (f) = sight, appearance
‘horribilî speciê’ = ‘of terrible appearance’; ablative of description; compare to ‘speciê horribilî’ in Perseus Gets His Outfit.

procul (adv) = from/at a distance, far

cônspiciô, -spicere, -spêxî, -spectum = see, catch sight of : [com + specio]

maximus, -a, -um = very great, very large; superlative of ‘magnus, -a, -um’

îniciô, -icere, -iêcî, -iectum = throw in; inspire

celeritâs, celeritâtis (f) = speed, swiftness

‘magnâ celeritâte’: ablative of manner

lîtus, lîtoris (neut) = shore

contendô, -tendere, -tendî, -tentum = hasten, hurry

appropinquô (1) = approach, near

====================================================

April 8 Assignment
The Rescue

TR 1 .. At Perseus ubi haec vîdit, gladium suum êdûxit, et postquam tâlâria induit, in âera sublâtus est.

TR 2 .. Tum dêsuper in mônstrum impetum subitô fêcit, et gladiô suô collum eius graviter vulnerâvit.

TR 3 .. Mônstrum, ubi sênsit vulnus, fremitum horribilem êdidit, et sine morâ tôtum corpus in aquam mersit.

TR 4 .. Perseus dum circum lîtus volat, reditum eius exspectâbat.

TR 5 .. Mare autem intereâ undique sanguine înficitur.

TR 6 .. Post breve tempus bêlua rûrsus caput sustulit; mox tamen â Perseô ictû graviôre vulnerâta est.

TR 7 .. Tum iterum sê in undâs mersit, neque posteâ vîsa est.

VOCABULARY

gladius, -î (m) = sword

êdûcô, -dûcere, -dûxî, -ductum = to draw (out) : [ex + duco]

postquam (conj) = after

tâlâria, -ôum (neut. pl.) = winged sandals

induô, induere, induî, indûtum = to put on (clothing)

âêr, âeris (m) = air, sky. Borrowed from Greek; ‘âera’ is the Greek accusative form

sublâtus:  tollô, tollere, sustulî, sublâtum = raise, lift up

dêsuper (adv) = from above

impetus, -ûs (m) = attack

subitô (adv) = suddenly

collum, -î (n) = neck

graviter (adv) = severely, seriously (adverb form of ‘gravis, -e’)

vulnerô (1) = wound

vulnus, vulneris (neut) = wound

fremitus, -ûs (m) = roar

êdô, êdere, êdidî, êditum = emit, give out

mergô, mergere, mersî, mersum = dip, plunge, sink

circum (prep. + acc.) = around, about

lîtus, lîtoris (neut) = shore

reditus, -ûs (m) = return

exspectô (1) = wait for, exspect

intereâ (adv) = meanwhile, in the meantime : [inter + ea (~amid those things)]

indique (adv) = on all sides, from all directions, everywhere
NOTE that ‘-que’ is not always the enclitic meaning ‘and’!

sanguis, sanguinis (m) = blood

înficiô, -ficere, -fêcî, -fectum = stain : [in + facio]

bêlua, -ae (f) = beast

rûrsus (adv) = again

sustulit:  tollô, tollere, sustulî, sublâtum = raise, lift up

mox = soon

ictus, -ûs (m) = stroke, blow

graviôre = ‘rather severe’: comparative of ‘gravis, -e); modifies ‘ictû’

vulnerô (1) = wound

unda, -ae (f) = wave

mergô, mergere, mersî, mersum = dip, plunge, sink

posteâ (adv) = afterwards, after that : [post + ea (~after those things)]

====================================================

April 15 Assignment
The Reward of Valor

TR 1 .. Perseus postquam ad lîtus dêscendit, prîmum tâlâria exuit; tum ad rûpem vênit ubi Andromeda vîncta erat.

TR 2 .. Ea autem omnem spem salûtis dêposuerat, et ubi Perseus adiit, terrôre paene exanimâta erat.

TR 3 .. Ille vincula statim solvit, et puellam patrî reddidit.

TR 4 .. Cêpheus ob hanc rem maximô gaudiô adfectus est.

TR 5 .. Meritam grâtiam prô tantô beneficiô Perseô rettulit; praetereâ Andromedam ipsam eî in mâtrimônium dedit.

TR 6 .. Ille libenter hoc dônum accêpit et puellam dûxit.

TR 7 .. Paucôs annôs cum uxôre suâ in eâ regiône habitâbat, et in magnô honôre erat apud omnîs Æthiopês.

TR 8.. Magnopere tamen mâtrem suam rûrsus vidêre cupiêbat.

TR 9 .. Tandem igitur cum uxôre suâ ê rêgnô Cêpheî discessit.

VOCABULARY

lîtus, lîtoris (neut) = shore

dêscendô, -scendere, -scendî, -scensum = climb down, come down, descend

prîmum (adv) = first

tâlâria, -ôrum (neut. pl.) = winged sandals

exuô, exduere, exuî, exûtum = to take off (clothing) : [opposite of ‘induô’]

tâlâria, -ôrum (neut. pl.) = winged sandals

rûpês, rûpis (f) = rock, cliff

vinciô, vincîre, vinxî, vînctum = tie, bind

vînctus, -a, -um = fettered, bound
NOTE: Is ‘vîncta erat’ the pluperfect passive indicative of the verb ‘vinciô’? Or is it the adjective derived from that verb’s 4th principal part + the imperfect of ‘sum, esse’? You decide! [theme from ‘Jeopardy!’ playing in the background]

dêponô, -ponere, -posuî, -positum = put down; set aside : [de + pono]; for ‘ponô’ see Wheelock, ch. 27

adeô, adîre, adi(v)î, aditum = (transitive) walk to, go to; (intransitive) approach : [ad + eo]; for ‘eô’ see Wheelock, ch. 37

paene (adv) = almost, nearly

exanimô (1) = to tire, weaken

examinâtus, -a, -um = weakened, exhausted
NOTE: Is ‘exanimâta erat’ the pluperfect passive indicative of the verb ‘exanimô’? Or is it the adjective derived from that verb’s 4th principal part + the imperfect of ‘sum, esse’? Use the context to decide.

vinculum, -î (neut) = bond, chain

statim (adv) = immediately

solvô, solvere, solvî, solûtum = to untie, release, free

reddô, reddere, redditî, redditum = to give back, return

Cêpheus, -î (m) = Cepheus, Andromeda’s father

ob (prep + acc.) = for, on account of

gaudium, -î (neut) = joy

adficiô, -ficere -fêcî, -fectum = do; move, affect : [ad + facio]
NOTE: Also spelled ‘afficiô, afficere...’

meritus, -a, -um = deserved, just, due

referô, referre, rettulî, relâtum = return, give back : [re + fero]; for ‘ferô’ see Wheelock, ch. 31

grâtiam referre = to show one’s gratitude, return thanks (compare to ‘grâtiâs agere’)

tantus, -a, -um = so great, so much

praetereâ (adv) = besides, moreover

mâtrimônium, -î (neut) = marriage; literally, ‘motherhood’

libenter (adv) = gladly, willingly

dûcô, dûcere, dûxî, ductum:  read: ‘[in mâtrimônium] dûxit’

'in mâtrimônium dûcere' = to marry (used only by men); literally, ‘to lead into motherhood’

regiô, regiônis (f) = region

habitô (1) = live, dwell

honor, honôris (m) = honor, esteem

apud (prep + acc.) = among

omnîs: -îs is an alternative accusative plural ending in 3rd declension nouns. Make a note of it; it comes up fairly often in ‘real’ Latin!

Æthiopês, -um (masc. pl.) = Ethiopians

magnópere (adv.) = greatly, very much; [magnô + opere = with great effort] (That’s only an accent mark over the ‘o’)

rûrsus (adv) = again

tandem = at length, at last, finally

rêgnum, -î (neut) = royal power; kingdom

=====================================================

April 22 Assignment
Polydectes Is Turned To Stone

TR 1 .. Postquam Perseus ad însulam nâvem appulit, sê ad locum côntulit ubi mâter ôlim habitâverat, sed domum invênit vacuam et omnînô dêsertam.

TR 2 .. Trîs diês per tôtam însulam mâtrem quaerêbat; tandem quartô diê ad templum Diânae pervênit.

TR 3 .. Hûc Danaê refûgerat, quod Polydectem timêbat.

TR 4 .. Perseus ubi haec cognôvit, îrâ magnâ commôtus est; ad rêgiam Polydectis sine morâ contendit, et ubi eô vênit, statim in âtrium inrûpit.

TR 5 .. Polydectês magnô timôre adfectus est et fugere volêbat.

TR 6 .. Dum tamen ille fugit, Perseus caput Medûsae mônstrâvit; ille autem simul atque hoc vîdit, in saxum versus est.

VOCABULARY

postquam (conj) = after, when

însula, -ae (f) = island

appellô, -pellere, -pulî, -pulsum = drive (something) to; steer (something) to. [ad + pello]

côntulit: cônferô, -ferre, -tulI, -lâtum = bring together. [con + fero]. sê cônferre = go to, head for

habitô (1) = live, dwell

domus, -ûs (f) = house, home

vacuus, -a, -um = empty

omnînô (adv) = wholly, entirely

dêsertus, -a, -um = deserted

trîs : -îs is an alternative accusative plural ending in 3rd declension nouns.

templum, -î (neut) = temple, shrine

Diâna, -ae (f) = Roman goddess of the moon and the hunt; Greek counterpart is Artemis

perveniô, -venîre, -vênî, -ventum = to reach, arrive. [per + venio]

hûc (adv) = (to) here, to this place

Danaê = name of Perseus’ mother (Greek form)

rêgia, -ae = palace

Polydectês, -is (m.) = Polydectes (pronounced: pah-li-DEK-teez), king of the island of Seriphos

refugiô, refugere, refûgî = flee back, escape, run away : [re + fugio]

cognôscô, cognôscere, cognôvî, cognitum = become acquainted with, come to know.
See note in the entry for ‘cognOscO’ in Wheelock’s vocabulary section.

commôveô, -êre -môvî, -môtum = to stir up, upset, arouse. Here, the prefix ‘com-‘ intensifies the verb ‘moveô.’

contendô, -tendere, -tendî, -tentum = hasten, hurry

eô (adv) = (to) there, (to) that place
NOTE: Do not confuse the adverb with the pronoun! The context will tell you which is meant.

NOTE (FYI): There’s a whole collection of Adverbs of Place. (See ‘hûc’ above; ‘ibi’ is ‘there’ with no motion.) The preposition (here, ‘to’) is part and parcel of the Latin word and is usually not included in the English translation. Here’s a website with Allen & Greenough’s section on Adverbs of Place. The first 5 lines of this chart should be quite enough :-)...
http://www.hhhh.org/perseant/libellus/aides/allgre/allgre.218.html

statim (adv) = immediately

âtrium, -î (neut) = hall (of temple or public building)

inrumpô, -rumpere, -rûpî, -ruptum = rush into, burst into; also: irrumpo; [in + rumpo]

adficiô, -ficere, -fêcî, -fectum = to do, move, affect; also: afficio : [ad + facio]

volêbat: imperfect active of ‘volô’ (irregular verb) = to wish, want

dum (conj) = while
NOTE: " ‘Dum’ normally uses the present indicative (the so-called historical present) to denote continued action in past time."
(Page 251 of _Latin: An Intensive Course_ by Moreland and Fleischer)

simul atque (adv) = as soon as; also: simul ac

saxum, -î (neut) = rock, stone

==================================================

April 29 Assignment
The Oracle Fulfilled

TR 1 .. Post haec Perseus cum uxôre suâ ad urbem Âcrisî rediit.

TR 2 .. Ille autem ubi Perseum vîdit, magnô terrôre adfectus est; nam propter ôrâculum istud nepôtem suum adhûc timêbat.

TR 3 .. In Thessaliam igitur ad urbem Lârîsam statim refûgit, frûstrâ tamen; neque enim fâtum suum vîtâvit.

TR 4 .. Post paucôs annôs rêx Lârîsae lûdôs magnôs fêcit; nûntiôs in omnîs partîs dîmîserat et diem êdîxerat.

TR 5 .. Multî ex omnibus urbibus Graeciae ad lûdôs convênêrunt.

TR 6 .. Ipse Perseus inter aliôs certâmen discôrum iniit.

TR 7 .. At dum discum conicit, avum suum câsû occîdit; Âcrisius enim inter spectâtôrês eius certâminis forte stâbat.

VOCABULARY

Âcrisius, -î (m.) = Acrisius, father of Danaë

redeô, -dîre, -diî, -ditum = go back, return : [re + eo]; see Wheelock, ch. 37: ‘eô, îre’

adficiô, -ficere, -fêcî, -fectum = to do, move, affect; also: afficio : [ad + facio]

ôrâculum, -î (n.) = oracle, prophecy

nepôs, nepôtis (m.) = grandson; descendant

adhûc (adv.) = still, at this time (one of very few words whose accent is on the final syllable; so says _Ecce Romani_)

Thessalia, -ae (f) = Thessaly, a district in northern Greece

Lârîsa, -ae (or Lârissa) (f) = town in Thessaly

statim (adv) = immediately

refugiô, refugere, refûgî = flee back, escape, run away : [re + fugio]

frûstrâ (adv) = in vain

fâtum, -î (neut) = fate, destiny

nûntius, -î (m) = messenger

in omnîs partîs = in all directions, in every direction

dîmittô, -mittere, -mîsî, -missum = send away, send forth, dispatch

êdîcô, -dîcere, -dîxî, -dictum = declare, decree

conveniô, -venîre, -vênî, -ventum = come together, meet, assemble : [con + venio]

certâmen, certâminis (neut) = contest, match

discus, -î (m) = discus, quoit

ineô, inîre, iniî, initum = go in, enter : [in + eo]; see Wheelock, ch. 37, p. 264: ‘eô, îre’

dum = as, while

coniciô, conicere, coniêcî, coniectum = throw, hurl
NOTE re present tense in ‘Dum...conicit’: " ‘Dum’ normally uses the present indicative (the so-called historical present) to denote continued action in past time."
(Page 251 of _Latin: An Intensive Course_ by Moreland and Fleischer)

avus, -î (m) = grandfather

câsû (adv) = by chance, accidently

occîdô, occîdere, occîdî, occîsum = kill, slay

forte (adv) = by chance, as it happened (from ‘fors, fortis’ [f] = chance, luck)

spectâtor, spectâtôris (m) = spectator, observer

TR 1 .. Persêus igitur multôs annôs ibi habitâbat, et cum mâtre suâ vîtam beâtam agêbat.

TR 2 .. At Polydectês Danaên magnópere amâbat, atque eam in mâtrimônium dûcere volêbat.

TR 3 .. Hoc tamen cônsilium Persêô minimê grâtum erat.

TR 4 .. Polydectês igitur Persêum dîmittere cônstituit.

TR 5 .. Tum iuvenem ad sê vocâvit et haec dîxit:  "Turpe est hanc ignâvam vîtam agere; iam dûdum tû adulêscêns es.

TR 6 .. Quô usque hîc manêbis?

TR 7 .. Tempus est arma capere et virtûtem praestâre.

TR 8 .. Hinc abî, et caput Medûsae mihi refer."

VOCABULARY

habitô (1) = to live, dwell

Polydectês, -is (m.) = Polydectes (pronounced: pah-li-DEK-teez), king of the island of Seriphos

Danaên: Greek accusative form of ‘Danaê,’ mother of Perseus

magnópere (adv.) = greatly, very much; [magnô + opere = with great effort]; that’s only an accent mark on the ‘o’

mâtrimônium, -î (neut) = marriage; literally, ‘motherhood’
in mâtrimônium dûcere = to marry (used only by men); literally, ‘to lead into motherhood,’ which gives you a pretty good idea of how married women were thought of in ancient Rome!

volêbat: imperfect active of ‘volô’ (irregular verb) = to wish, want

minimê (adv.) = very little; not at all; also used alone as a strong negative reply (‘No way!’)

grâtus, -a, -um = pleasing

dîmittô, dîmittere, dîmîsî, dîmissum = to send away

cônstituô, -stituere, -stituî = to decide, determine

iuvenis, -is (m.) = young man, youth

ignâvus, -a, -um = lazy; cowardly

iam dûdum (adv.) = a long time

quô usque = until when? how long? (quô = [to] where...?, whither...?)

hîc (adv) = here (in this place) - NOTE: Do not confuse with ‘hic’ (hic, haec, hoc)!

arma, armôrum (neut. pl.) = (defensive) arms

arma capere = to take up arms

praestô, -stâre, -stitî, -stitum = to show, prove

hinc (adv.) = from here, from this place

abî: imperative singular of ‘abeô, abîre’ : [ab + eô -- eô, îre = to go] = to go away, leave

Medûsa, -ae (f.) = one of the Gorgons; her ‘hair’ was made of snakes, and whoever looked at her turned into stone. Fun at parties!

refer: singular imperative of ‘referô, referre’ = to bring back (refer to Present Imperative section on p. 51 of Wheelock)

=============================

March 4 Assignment
Perseus Gets His Duds

TR 1 .. Persêus ubi haec audîvit, ex însulâ discessit, et postquam ad continentem vênit, Medûsam quaesîvit.

TR 2 .. Diû frûstrâ quaerêbat; namque nâtûram locî ignôrâbat.

TR 3.. Tandem Apollô et Minerva viam dêmonstrâvêrunt.

TR 4 .. Prîmum ad Graeâs, sorôrês Medûsae, pervênit.

TR 5 .. Ab hîs tâlâria et galeam magicam accêpit.

TR 6 .. Apollô autem et Minerva falcem et speculum dedêrunt.

TR 7 .. Tum postquam tâlâria pedibus induit, in âera ascendit.

TR 8 .. Diû per âera volâbat; tandem tamen ad eum locum vênit ubi Medûsa cum cêterîs Gorgônibus habitâbat.

TR 9 .. Gorgônês autem mônstra erant speciê horribilî; capita enim eârum anguibus omnînô contêcta erant.

TR 10 .. Manûs etiam ex âere factae erant.

VOCABULARY

însula, -ae (f) = island

discessit: discêdô, discêdere

postquam (adv) = after
NOTE: ‘post’ also means ‘after’ but it’s a preposition (‘after he did that,...’);  ‘postquam’ here is an adverb (‘After, he did that’).

continêns, continentis (f) = mainland

namque (conj.) ‘for indeed,’ or use your imagination :-); ‘nam + que’: a strong, or emphatic, ‘nam’, just as ‘itaque’ is an emphatic‘ita’ (which comes up later).

ignôrô (1) = to not know, be ignorant of, be unfamiliar with
NOTE: The verb ‘ignôrô’ takes the accusative. Any preposition is included within the definition.

quaesîvit: quaerô, quaerere, quaesîvî, quaesîtum = to look for, search for
NOTE: The verb ‘quaerô’ takes the accusative. The preposition is included within the definition, so there's no need to add one.

frûstrâ (adv) = in vain

quaerêbat: quaerô, quaerere, quaesîvî, quaesîtum = to look for, search for

tandem (adv) = at last, at length, finally

Apollô, Apollinis (m) = Apollo, god of the sun, music, and a bunch of other stuff

Minerva, -ae (f) = goddess of wisdom; associated with the Greek goddess Athena

prîmum (adv) = first
NOTE: prîmum...tum...tandem = first...then...finally

Graeae, Graeârum = sea hags or spirits. See note for ‘Gorgô’

perveniô, -venîre, -vênî, -rventum = to reach, arrive; [per + venio].

tâlâria, tâlârium (neut. pl.) = winged sandals

galea, -ae (f) = helmet

magicus, -a, -um = magic

accêpit: accipiô, accipere, accêpî, acceptum = to take, receive

falx, falcis (f) = sickle; curved sword

speculum, -î (neut) = mirror

pês, pedis (m) = foot

induô, induere, induî, indûtum = to put on (clothing)

âêr, âeris (m) = air, sky. Borrowed from Greek; ‘âera’ is the Greek accusative

ascendô, ascendere, ascendî, ascensum = to climb; rise, ascend

tandem (adv) = at last, at length, finally

cêterî, cêterae, cêtera = the rest, the other(s).
The note for this word in Gutenberg explains how it differs from ‘alius.’

Gorgô, Gorgônis (f) = Gorgon. The Gorgons are three sister demons; of the three, Medusa was the only mortal, which is why Polydectes has commanded Perseus to bring her head in particular. Either the Gorgons were sisters of the Graeae, or the Gorgons and Graeae are the same.

mônstrum, -î (neut) = marvel, wonder; monster

speciê horribilî = of terrible appearance (ablative of description)

speciês, speciêî (f) = appearance, form

horribilis, -is, -e = terrible, horrible

anguis, -is (m. or f.) = snake, serpent

omnînô (adv) = entirely, altogether, wholly

contêctus, -a, -um = covered, covered up

aer, aeris (neut) = bronze

=================================================

March 11 Assignment
‘Bring Me the Head of the Medusa’

TR 1 .. Rês difficillima erat caput Gorgônis abscîdere; eius enim cônspectû hominês in saxum vertêbantur.

TR 2 .. Propter hanc causam Minerva speculum Perseô dederat.

TR 3 .. Ille igitur tergum vertit, et in speculum înspiciêbat; hôc modô ad locum vênit ubi Medûsa dormiêbat.

TR 4 .. Tum falce suâ caput eius ûnô ictû abscîdit.

TR 5 .. Cêterae Gorgônês statim ê somnô excitâtae sunt, et ubi rem vîdêrunt, îrâ commôtae sunt.

TR 6 .. Arma rapuêrunt, et Persêum occîdere volêbant.

TR 7 .. Ille autem dum fûgit, galeam magicam induit; et ubi hoc fêcit, statim ê cônspectû eârum êvâsit.

VOCABULARY

difficillima: superlative of the adj. ‘difficilis, -e’ = ‘the most difficult’ or ‘very difficult’

Gorgô, Gorgônis (f) = Gorgon

abscîdô, -ere, abscîdî, abscîsum = to cut off

cônspectus, -ûs (m) = look, view, sight

saxum, -î (neut) = rock, stone

vertô, -ere, -vertî, versum = to turn, change

Minerva, -ae (f) = Roman goddess of wisdom. Her Greek counterpart is Athena.

speculum, -î (neut) = mirror

tergum, -î (neut) = back

înspiciô, -ere, -spêxî, -spectum = inspect, look into; look at, watch

hôc modô: ablative of manner [i.e., how was the action done?]

dormiô, -îre, -îvî, -îtum = to sleep

falx, falcis (f) = sickle; curved sword

ictus, -ûs (m) = stroke, blow

abscîdô, -ere, abscîdî, abscîsum = to cut off

cêterî, cêterae, cêtera = the rest, the other(s)

statim (adv) = immediately

somnus, -î (m) = sleep

excitô (1) = to wake up

commôveô, -êre -môvî, -môtum = to stir up, upset, arouse.
Here, the prefix ‘com-‘ intensifies the verb ‘moveô.’

arma, armôrum (neut. pl.) = arms, weapons

occîdô, -ere, occîdî, occîsum = cut down; kill

volêbant: volô, velle, voluî = to wish, want

galea, -ae (f) = helmet

magicus, -a, -um = magic

induô, induere, induî, indûtum = to put on (clothing)

statim (adv) = immediately

cônspectus, -ûs (m) = look, view, sight

êvâdô, -ere, êvâsî, êvâsum = to escape

==================================================

March 18 Assignment
The Sea-Serpent
NOTE: ‘fînîs’ in TR 1 and ‘cîvîs’ in TR 9 are in the accusative plural.
The -îs ending is an alternate accusative plural ending in 3rd declension nouns.
This is one of the ways in which Ritchie prepares us for ‘real’ Latin!

TR 1 .. Post haec Persêus in fînîs Aethiopum vênit.

TR 2 .. Ibi Cêpheus quîdam illô tempore rêgnâbat.

TR 3 .. Hic Neptûnum, maris deum, ôlim offenderat; Neptûnus autem mônstrum saevissimum mîserat.

TR 4 .. Hoc côtîdiê ê marî vêniêbat et hominês dêvorâbat.

TR 5 .. Ob hanc causam pavor animôs omnium occupâverat.

TR 6 .. Cêpheus igitur ôrâculum deî Hammônis cônsuluit, atque â deô iussus est fîliam mônstrô trâdere.

TR 7 .. Eius autem fîlia, nômine Andromeda, virgô fôrmôsissima erat.

TR 8 .. Cêpheus ubi haec audîvit, magnum dolôrem percêpit.

TR 9 .. Volêbat tamen cîvîs suôs ê tantô perîculô extrahere, atque ob eam causam imperâta Hammônis facere cônstituit.

VOCABULARY

Aethiopês, -um (masc. pl.) = Ethiopians

fînîs = fînês: fînês, fînium = borders, boundaries
Borders and boundaries mark the limits of owned or inhabited land. If you take it one step further, you have the definitions of ‘territory’ or ‘country.’

Cêpheus, -î (m) = Cepheus, king of Ethiopia and father of Andromeda; also a constellation in the northern hemisphere

quîdam = ‘a certain’; modifies ‘Cêpheus’ (see Wh., ch. 26)

rêgnô (1) = to reign, rule

Neptûnus, -î (m) = Roman god of the sea. Greek counterpart is Poseidon.

offendô, offendere, offendî, offênsum = to offend

mônstrum, -î (neut) = wonder; monster

saevissimus, -a, -um = very fierce/savage: superlative of the adj. ‘saevus, -a, -um’ = fierce, savage, cruel; modifies ‘mônstrum’

côtîdiê (also: côttîdiê) adv. = daily, every day

dêvorô (1) = to swallow, devour

ob (prep. + acc.) = on account of, for

pavor, pavôris (m) = terror, panic

occupô (1) = to occupy, seize : [ob + capio]

ôrâculum, -î (neut) = oracle, prophecy

Hammôn, Hammônis (m) = Hammon, an Egyptian god that the Romans identified with Jupiter, and the Greeks with Zeus. Variously spelled Amon, Amun, Amen.

cônsulô, cônsulere, cônsuluî, cônsultum = to consult

iussus est:  iubeô, iubêre, iussî, iussum

trâdô, trâdere, trâdidî, trâditum = hand over, give over, deliver : [trans + do]

nômine = ‘by name’; if you want, translate it using colloquial English

Andromeda, -ae (f) = Andromeda, daughter of Cepheus; also a constellation in the northern hemisphere

fôrmôsissimus, -a, -um = ‘very beautiful’; superlative of the adj. ‘fôrumôsus, -a, -um = beautiful

dolor, dolôris (m) = pain; grief

percipiô, percipere, percêpî, perceptum = to perceive, feel : [per + capio]

voêbat: volô, velle, voluî = to wish, want

cîvîs = cîvês
‘cîvîs suôs’ = ‘his [of the subject of the sentence] subjects’; ‘subjects’ is sort of an extension of the definition ‘citizens’ so it can more accurately apply to people ruled by a king.

tantus, -a, -um = so great, so much

extrahô, -trahere, -trâxî, -tractum = draw out, drag out; rescue : [ex + traho]

ob (prep. + acc.) = on account of, for

imperâtum, -î (neut) = order, command

cônstituô, -stituere, -stituî = decide, determine

===========================================

March 25 Assignment
A Human Sacrifice

TR 1 .. Tum rêx diem certam dîxit et omnia parâvit.

TR 2 .. Ubi ea diês vênit, Andromeda ad lîtus dêducta est, et in cônspectû omnium ad rûpem adligâta est.

TR 3 .. Omnês fâtum eius dêplôrâbant, nec lacrimâs tenêbant.

TR 4 .. At subitô, dum mônstrum exspectant, Persêus accurrit; et ubi lacrimâs vîdit, causam dolôris quaerit.

TR 5 .. Illî rem tôtam expônunt et puellam dêmônstrant.

TR 6 .. Dum haec geruntur, fremitus terribilis audîtur; simul mônstrum horribilî speciê procul cônspicitur.

TR 7 .. Eius cônspectus timôrem maximum omnibus îniêcit.

TR 8 .. Mônstrum magnâ celeritâte ad lîtus contendit, iamque ad locum appropinquâbat ubi puella stâbat.

VOCABULARY

lîtus, lîtoris (neut) = shore

dêdûcô, -dûcere, -dûxî, -ductum = lead down, lead away

cônspectus, -ûs (m) = sight, look, view

rûpês, rûpis (f) = rock, cliff

adligô (1) = tie to, bind to

fâtum, -î (neut) = fate

dêplôrô (1) = lament

lacrima, -ae (f) = tear (as in ‘teardrop’)

subitô (adv) = suddenly

accurrô, accurrere, accurrî, accursum = run to, hurry to : [ad + curro]

dolor, dolôris (m) = pain; grief

quaerô, quaerere, quaesîvî, quaesîtum = to look for, search for

expônô, -pônere, -posuî, -positum = to explain

fremitus, -ûs (m) = roar

simul (adv) = at the same time

mônstrum, -î (neut) = wonder; monster

speciês, speciêî (f) = sight, appearance
‘horribilî speciê’ = ‘of terrible appearance’; ablative of description; compare to ‘speciê horribilî’ in Perseus Gets His Outfit.

procul (adv) = from/at a distance, far

cônspiciô, -spicere, -spêxî, -spectum = see, catch sight of : [com + specio]

maximus, -a, -um = very great, very large; superlative of ‘magnus, -a, -um’

îniciô, -icere, -iêcî, -iectum = throw in; inspire

celeritâs, celeritâtis (f) = speed, swiftness

‘magnâ celeritâte’: ablative of manner

lîtus, lîtoris (neut) = shore

contendô, -tendere, -tendî, -tentum = hasten, hurry

appropinquô (1) = approach, near

====================================================

April 8 Assignment
The Rescue

TR 1 .. At Perseus ubi haec vîdit, gladium suum êdûxit, et postquam tâlâria induit, in âera sublâtus est.

TR 2 .. Tum dêsuper in mônstrum impetum subitô fêcit, et gladiô suô collum eius graviter vulnerâvit.

TR 3 .. Mônstrum, ubi sênsit vulnus, fremitum horribilem êdidit, et sine morâ tôtum corpus in aquam mersit.

TR 4 .. Perseus dum circum lîtus volat, reditum eius exspectâbat.

TR 5 .. Mare autem intereâ undique sanguine înficitur.

TR 6 .. Post breve tempus bêlua rûrsus caput sustulit; mox tamen â Perseô ictû graviôre vulnerâta est.

TR 7 .. Tum iterum sê in undâs mersit, neque posteâ vîsa est.

VOCABULARY

gladius, -î (m) = sword

êdûcô, -dûcere, -dûxî, -ductum = to draw (out) : [ex + duco]

postquam (conj) = after

tâlâria, -ôum (neut. pl.) = winged sandals

induô, induere, induî, indûtum = to put on (clothing)

âêr, âeris (m) = air, sky. Borrowed from Greek; ‘âera’ is the Greek accusative form

sublâtus:  tollô, tollere, sustulî, sublâtum = raise, lift up

dêsuper (adv) = from above

impetus, -ûs (m) = attack

subitô (adv) = suddenly

collum, -î (n) = neck

graviter (adv) = severely, seriously (adverb form of ‘gravis, -e’)

vulnerô (1) = wound

vulnus, vulneris (neut) = wound

fremitus, -ûs (m) = roar

êdô, êdere, êdidî, êditum = emit, give out

mergô, mergere, mersî, mersum = dip, plunge, sink

circum (prep. + acc.) = around, about

lîtus, lîtoris (neut) = shore

reditus, -ûs (m) = return

exspectô (1) = wait for, exspect

intereâ (adv) = meanwhile, in the meantime : [inter + ea (~amid those things)]

indique (adv) = on all sides, from all directions, everywhere
NOTE that ‘-que’ is not always the enclitic meaning ‘and’!

sanguis, sanguinis (m) = blood

înficiô, -ficere, -fêcî, -fectum = stain : [in + facio]

bêlua, -ae (f) = beast

rûrsus (adv) = again

sustulit:  tollô, tollere, sustulî, sublâtum = raise, lift up

mox = soon

ictus, -ûs (m) = stroke, blow

graviôre = ‘rather severe’: comparative of ‘gravis, -e); modifies ‘ictû’

vulnerô (1) = wound

unda, -ae (f) = wave

mergô, mergere, mersî, mersum = dip, plunge, sink

posteâ (adv) = afterwards, after that : [post + ea (~after those things)]

====================================================

April 15 Assignment
The Reward of Valor

TR 1 .. Perseus postquam ad lîtus dêscendit, prîmum tâlâria exuit; tum ad rûpem vênit ubi Andromeda vîncta erat.

TR 2 .. Ea autem omnem spem salûtis dêposuerat, et ubi Perseus adiit, terrôre paene exanimâta erat.

TR 3 .. Ille vincula statim solvit, et puellam patrî reddidit.

TR 4 .. Cêpheus ob hanc rem maximô gaudiô adfectus est.

TR 5 .. Meritam grâtiam prô tantô beneficiô Perseô rettulit; praetereâ Andromedam ipsam eî in mâtrimônium dedit.

TR 6 .. Ille libenter hoc dônum accêpit et puellam dûxit.

TR 7 .. Paucôs annôs cum uxôre suâ in eâ regiône habitâbat, et in magnô honôre erat apud omnîs Æthiopês.

TR 8.. Magnopere tamen mâtrem suam rûrsus vidêre cupiêbat.

TR 9 .. Tandem igitur cum uxôre suâ ê rêgnô Cêpheî discessit.

VOCABULARY

lîtus, lîtoris (neut) = shore

dêscendô, -scendere, -scendî, -scensum = climb down, come down, descend

prîmum (adv) = first

tâlâria, -ôrum (neut. pl.) = winged sandals

exuô, exduere, exuî, exûtum = to take off (clothing) : [opposite of ‘induô’]

tâlâria, -ôrum (neut. pl.) = winged sandals

rûpês, rûpis (f) = rock, cliff

vinciô, vincîre, vinxî, vînctum = tie, bind

vînctus, -a, -um = fettered, bound
NOTE: Is ‘vîncta erat’ the pluperfect passive indicative of the verb ‘vinciô’? Or is it the adjective derived from that verb’s 4th principal part + the imperfect of ‘sum, esse’? You decide! [theme from ‘Jeopardy!’ playing in the background]

dêponô, -ponere, -posuî, -positum = put down; set aside : [de + pono]; for ‘ponô’ see Wheelock, ch. 27

adeô, adîre, adi(v)î, aditum = (transitive) walk to, go to; (intransitive) approach : [ad + eo]; for ‘eô’ see Wheelock, ch. 37

paene (adv) = almost, nearly

exanimô (1) = to tire, weaken

examinâtus, -a, -um = weakened, exhausted
NOTE: Is ‘exanimâta erat’ the pluperfect passive indicative of the verb ‘exanimô’? Or is it the adjective derived from that verb’s 4th principal part + the imperfect of ‘sum, esse’? Use the context to decide.

vinculum, -î (neut) = bond, chain

statim (adv) = immediately

solvô, solvere, solvî, solûtum = to untie, release, free

reddô, reddere, redditî, redditum = to give back, return

Cêpheus, -î (m) = Cepheus, Andromeda’s father

ob (prep + acc.) = for, on account of

gaudium, -î (neut) = joy

adficiô, -ficere -fêcî, -fectum = do; move, affect : [ad + facio]
NOTE: Also spelled ‘afficiô, afficere...’

meritus, -a, -um = deserved, just, due

referô, referre, rettulî, relâtum = return, give back : [re + fero]; for ‘ferô’ see Wheelock, ch. 31

grâtiam referre = to show one’s gratitude, return thanks (compare to ‘grâtiâs agere’)

tantus, -a, -um = so great, so much

praetereâ (adv) = besides, moreover

mâtrimônium, -î (neut) = marriage; literally, ‘motherhood’

libenter (adv) = gladly, willingly

dûcô, dûcere, dûxî, ductum:  read: ‘[in mâtrimônium] dûxit’

'in mâtrimônium dûcere' = to marry (used only by men); literally, ‘to lead into motherhood’

regiô, regiônis (f) = region

habitô (1) = live, dwell

honor, honôris (m) = honor, esteem

apud (prep + acc.) = among

omnîs: -îs is an alternative accusative plural ending in 3rd declension nouns. Make a note of it; it comes up fairly often in ‘real’ Latin!

Æthiopês, -um (masc. pl.) = Ethiopians

magnópere (adv.) = greatly, very much; [magnô + opere = with great effort] (That’s only an accent mark over the ‘o’)

rûrsus (adv) = again

tandem = at length, at last, finally

rêgnum, -î (neut) = royal power; kingdom

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April 22 Assignment
Polydectes Is Turned To Stone

TR 1 .. Postquam Perseus ad însulam nâvem appulit, sê ad locum côntulit ubi mâter ôlim habitâverat, sed domum invênit vacuam et omnînô dêsertam.

TR 2 .. Trîs diês per tôtam însulam mâtrem quaerêbat; tandem quartô diê ad templum Diânae pervênit.

TR 3 .. Hûc Danaê refûgerat, quod Polydectem timêbat.

TR 4 .. Perseus ubi haec cognôvit, îrâ magnâ commôtus est; ad rêgiam Polydectis sine morâ contendit, et ubi eô vênit, statim in âtrium inrûpit.

TR 5 .. Polydectês magnô timôre adfectus est et fugere volêbat.

TR 6 .. Dum tamen ille fugit, Perseus caput Medûsae mônstrâvit; ille autem simul atque hoc vîdit, in saxum versus est.

VOCABULARY

postquam (conj) = after, when

însula, -ae (f) = island

appellô, -pellere, -pulî, -pulsum = drive (something) to; steer (something) to. [ad + pello]

côntulit: cônferô, -ferre, -tulI, -lâtum = bring together. [con + fero]. sê cônferre = go to, head for

habitô (1) = live, dwell

domus, -ûs (f) = house, home

vacuus, -a, -um = empty

omnînô (adv) = wholly, entirely

dêsertus, -a, -um = deserted

trîs : -îs is an alternative accusative plural ending in 3rd declension nouns.

templum, -î (neut) = temple, shrine

Diâna, -ae (f) = Roman goddess of the moon and the hunt; Greek counterpart is Artemis

perveniô, -venîre, -vênî, -ventum = to reach, arrive. [per + venio]

hûc (adv) = (to) here, to this place

Danaê = name of Perseus’ mother (Greek form)

rêgia, -ae = palace

Polydectês, -is (m.) = Polydectes (pronounced: pah-li-DEK-teez), king of the island of Seriphos

refugiô, refugere, refûgî = flee back, escape, run away : [re + fugio]

cognôscô, cognôscere, cognôvî, cognitum = become acquainted with, come to know.
See note in the entry for ‘cognOscO’ in Wheelock’s vocabulary section.

commôveô, -êre -môvî, -môtum = to stir up, upset, arouse. Here, the prefix ‘com-‘ intensifies the verb ‘moveô.’

contendô, -tendere, -tendî, -tentum = hasten, hurry

eô (adv) = (to) there, (to) that place
NOTE: Do not confuse the adverb with the pronoun! The context will tell you which is meant.

NOTE (FYI): There’s a whole collection of Adverbs of Place. (See ‘hûc’ above; ‘ibi’ is ‘there’ with no motion.) The preposition (here, ‘to’) is part and parcel of the Latin word and is usually not included in the English translation. Here’s a website with Allen & Greenough’s section on Adverbs of Place. The first 5 lines of this chart should be quite enough :-)...
http://www.hhhh.org/perseant/libellus/aides/allgre/allgre.218.html

statim (adv) = immediately

âtrium, -î (neut) = hall (of temple or public building)

inrumpô, -rumpere, -rûpî, -ruptum = rush into, burst into; also: irrumpo; [in + rumpo]

adficiô, -ficere, -fêcî, -fectum = to do, move, affect; also: afficio : [ad + facio]

volêbat: imperfect active of ‘volô’ (irregular verb) = to wish, want

dum (conj) = while
NOTE: " ‘Dum’ normally uses the present indicative (the so-called historical present) to denote continued action in past time."
(Page 251 of _Latin: An Intensive Course_ by Moreland and Fleischer)

simul atque (adv) = as soon as; also: simul ac

saxum, -î (neut) = rock, stone

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April 29 Assignment
The Oracle Fulfilled

TR 1 .. Post haec Perseus cum uxôre suâ ad urbem Âcrisî rediit.

TR 2 .. Ille autem ubi Perseum vîdit, magnô terrôre adfectus est; nam propter ôrâculum istud nepôtem suum adhûc timêbat.

TR 3 .. In Thessaliam igitur ad urbem Lârîsam statim refûgit, frûstrâ tamen; neque enim fâtum suum vîtâvit.

TR 4 .. Post paucôs annôs rêx Lârîsae lûdôs magnôs fêcit; nûntiôs in omnîs partîs dîmîserat et diem êdîxerat.

TR 5 .. Multî ex omnibus urbibus Graeciae ad lûdôs convênêrunt.

TR 6 .. Ipse Perseus inter aliôs certâmen discôrum iniit.

TR 7 .. At dum discum conicit, avum suum câsû occîdit; Âcrisius enim inter spectâtôrês eius certâminis forte stâbat.

VOCABULARY

Âcrisius, -î (m.) = Acrisius, father of Danaë

redeô, -dîre, -diî, -ditum = go back, return : [re + eo]; see Wheelock, ch. 37: ‘eô, îre’

adficiô, -ficere, -fêcî, -fectum = to do, move, affect; also: afficio : [ad + facio]

ôrâculum, -î (n.) = oracle, prophecy

nepôs, nepôtis (m.) = grandson; descendant

adhûc (adv.) = still, at this time (one of very few words whose accent is on the final syllable; so says _Ecce Romani_)

Thessalia, -ae (f) = Thessaly, a district in northern Greece

Lârîsa, -ae (or Lârissa) (f) = town in Thessaly

statim (adv) = immediately

refugiô, refugere, refûgî = flee back, escape, run away : [re + fugio]

frûstrâ (adv) = in vain

fâtum, -î (neut) = fate, destiny

nûntius, -î (m) = messenger

in omnîs partîs = in all directions, in every direction

dîmittô, -mittere, -mîsî, -missum = send away, send forth, dispatch

êdîcô, -dîcere, -dîxî, -dictum = declare, decree

conveniô, -venîre, -vênî, -ventum = come together, meet, assemble : [con + venio]

certâmen, certâminis (neut) = contest, match

discus, -î (m) = discus, quoit

ineô, inîre, iniî, initum = go in, enter : [in + eo]; see Wheelock, ch. 37, p. 264: ‘eô, îre’

dum = as, while

coniciô, conicere, coniêcî, coniectum = throw, hurl
NOTE re present tense in ‘Dum...conicit’: " ‘Dum’ normally uses the present indicative (the so-called historical present) to denote continued action in past time."
(Page 251 of _Latin: An Intensive Course_ by Moreland and Fleischer)

avus, -î (m) = grandfather

câsû (adv) = by chance, accidently

occîdô, occîdere, occîdî, occîsum = kill, slay

forte (adv) = by chance, as it happened (from ‘fors, fortis’ [f] = chance, luck)

spectâtor, spectâtôris (m) = spectator, observer